Cicd

Metrics Lead time, MTTR, change failure rate, deploy frequency. Stage timing (queue, build, test, deploy); flake rate; retry counts. Tracing & logs Trace pipeline executions with build SHA, branch, trigger source; annotate stage spans. Structured logs with status, duration, infra node; keep artifacts linked. Guardrails Quality gates (tests, lint, security scans) per PR; fail fast on criticals. Retry budget per job to avoid infinite flake loops. Rollback hooks + auto-stop on repeated failures. Ops Parallelize where safe; cache dependencies; pin tool versions. Alert on SLA breaches (queue time, total duration) and rising flake rates. Keep dashboards per repo/team; trend regressions release to release.

Static (SAST) Run linters/semgrep/bandit/gosec/spotbugs per language; fail on high severity. Baseline to reduce noise; allow sarif upload to code host for inline review. Secret scanning in every push; block commits with keys. Dynamic (DAST) Stage environment with prod-like config; run zap/owasp/amass scopes carefully. Define allowlist targets; time-bounded scans; throttle to avoid DoS. Pipeline hygiene Shift-left: PR checks for fast SAST; nightly deeper scans. Artifacts stored with build SHA; track findings trend. Break-glass only with approvals; keep rules versioned. Checklist SAST/secret scans on push + PR. DAST on staging with scoped targets. SARIF/uploaded results visible to devs. Findings triaged with SLA.

Effective testing in CI/CD pipelines requires balancing speed, coverage, and reliability. This guide covers strategies to optimize your testing approach for continuous integration and deployment. Testing pyramid for CI/CD The testing pyramid applies to CI/CD with some modifications: /\ / \ E2E Tests (few, slow, expensive) /____\ / \ Integration Tests (some, moderate) /________\ / \ Unit Tests (many, fast, cheap) /____________\ CI/CD testing layers Unit tests: Fast, run on every commit Integration tests: Moderate speed, run on PRs E2E tests: Slow, run on main branch or scheduled Performance tests: Run periodically or on release candidates Pipeline testing strategy Stage 1: Pre-commit (local) Run fast checks before committing: ...